For better or worse, our unconscious biases bolster our emotional responses. Such biases “are social stereotypes about certain groups of people that individuals form outside their own conscious awareness,” writes UCSF’sOffice of Diversity and Outreach.
Think of unconscious biases as stereotypes you’ve accidentally internalized – automatic preferences that influence your opinions. Paradoxically, these unconscious biases can contradict viewpoints we believe ourselves to hold.
Jessica Nordell, a writer for the Atlantic,interviewedPatricia Devine, director of the University of Wisconsin’s Prejudice and Intergroup Relations Lab, who evaluates the pervasiveness of biases. Devine explains:
“There are a lot of people who are very sincere in their renunciation of prejudice ... yet they are vulnerable to habits of mind. Intentions aren’t good enough.”
Because unconscious biases have the greatest influence over us when we’re stressed or under time constraints – two types of pressure we face often at work – it takes an active effort to recognize when our biases are at play and mitigate the impact they have on your coworkers and customers. This is especially important because our unconscious biases can sometimes manifest themselves as microaggressions that corrode the overall company culture and the employee experience.
To help you counteract the effect of unconscious bias, we've identified 13 areas wherebiases may negatively impact your workplace DEI efforts. Once you've determined where your biases are lurking, you can start challenging the status quo and unlearn the harmful stereotypes you've accidentally internalized.
1. Job postings
With highly transparent employer review and recruiting sites like Glassdoor and AngelList, prospective employees aren’t the only audience reading your job postings. As a form of external, public-facing communication, job descriptions should be written in your brand voice and optimized to appeal to the broadest pool of candidates.
Textio’sTim Halloran speaks to the underlying unconscious bias that often informs word choice: “Gendered language isn’t always obvious or intuitive...There are plenty of seemingly random examples like "exhaustive," "enforcement," and "fearless" that are statistically proven to skew your talent pool (toward men in this case), and it’s highly unlikely you’re going to hear about those at your company’s unconscious bias training workshop.”
Takeaway
Audit the language in your job listings and revise if necessary to appeal to a more diverse, more qualified pool of applicants. Strive towards gender-neutral language that doesn't play into stereotypes of masculinity or femininity.
2. Company policies
Reactance bias is our unconscious tendency to react to rules and regulations by exercising our freedom.
Dr. Travis Bradberry, the author of Emotional Intelligence 2.0,writes inEntrepreneur: “Employees who feel mistreated or ‘Big Brothered’ by their employers are more likely to take longer breaks, extra sick days or even steal from their company.” When leaders design policies to limit unwanted behaviors instead of focusing on desired behaviors, they are sending a tacit message of distrust.
“Policies are a company’s message to its employees regarding how it values people,” writes workplace consultant Sue Bingham in “The High Price of Overly Prescriptive HR Policies.” “Can you reframe punitive rules as positive goals to aim for?”
For that reason, it's crucial to consider what might be making it hard for your employees to bring their whole selves to work.
Corporate dress codes have been challenged for prescribing appearances without valid business reasons. If employees feel restrained by your dress code, for reasons determined by their finances, religious beliefs, gender identities, or any other cause, then you are causing them more stress than you are alleviating.
Restrictive sick leave and time-off policies can be biased against individuals living with acute illness or mental illness, persons who are family planning, and employees who wish to protect their medical privacy. These policies can discourage your employees from taking care of themselves. With theunlimited vacation policiesthat are so popular in startups, you’d think more people would be taking breaks. But they’re not!
Takeaway
Prioritize your employees’ personal comfort when revising company policies.
3. Unconscious bias in benefits
The benefits your company offers can attract potential employees and help retain current employees. Alternately, subpar benefits can deter prospective employees from applying or make them want to leave.
Companies ensure that their employees bring their best, strongest, healthiest selves to work by providing benefits like health insurance. But unconscious biases can prevent us from empathizing with others and understanding their unique needs, so when decision-makers create benefits programs in a vacuum, without the input of their intended users, they’re bound to have weaknesses.
In recent years, a shift towards more inclusive parental leave policies has reflected changing dynamics in gender roles. Imagine your employee, Henry, and his husband are planning to adopt a baby. If your parental leave policy doesn’t accommodate male, female, and gender-nonconforming individuals who are welcoming someone new into their life, Henry might be hesitant to ask for time off and consider looking for work at a company with more equitable benefits.
Recentresearch from Glassdoorfound that 40% of employees rank insurance (e.g., medical, dental) above all other benefits. AsFast Companywrites, “more than half (57%) of people said benefits and perks are among their top considerations before accepting a job, and four in five workers say they would prefer new benefits over a pay raise.”
Takeaway
Your employees want to feel valued. Speak candidly with them about their health and wellness. Insurance coverage, if your company provides it, might be less equitable than you think, especially when it comes to supporting your LGBTQ* employees.
4. Marketing and communications
As a marketer, I’m regularly confronted by my own unconscious biases since they influence the words I choose, the visual assets I’m drawn to, and the problems I want to solve.
As your company grows and your user personas evolve, are you challenging yourself to change your understanding of their wants and needs, too?
As Valentina Zarya explainsinFortune, “Most Americans tend to be biased in favor of the white, male, heterosexual majority - even when they themselves do not fall into that group, according to findings by Project Implicit, a Harvard University-run nonprofit focused on studying social cognition.”
Questioning the status quo that is the commercial success of past marketing campaigns, Tom Knox, former president of the Institute of Practitioners of Advertising,notably said, “We need to find ways of actively demonstrating that better results, better creativity, better thinking, and better commercial success comes from embracing diversity.”
We need to find ways of actively demonstrating that better results, better creativity, better thinking, and better commercial success comes from embracing diversity.
— Tom KnoxInstitute of Practitioners of Advertising
Takeaway
Assess the visuals you share with the public on a regular basis and compare them to your audience. Are there discrepancies? Remember that small improvements, like replacing one picture, can have a significant impact.
5. Food and events
Unconscious biases can block us from intuiting the needs of the people around us and make us oblivious to what might usually be obvious.
Just because your employees can stay late at theofficedoesn’t mean evenings are the best time for work events. Alternatives to after-work events, likeLearn-at-Lunch programsand company outings, are more inclusive of employees who have children, hold second jobs, are going to school, or are otherwise limited to work hours.
If company events always center around alcohol, you could be excluding employees who choose not to drink, whether for their religion, health, or lifestyle.
For catered lunches, make a concerted effort to accommodate your coworkers with dietary restrictions, whether they have food allergies, are vegan, keep kosher, or observe halal. Acknowledging and satisfying unique food requirements is an inclusive move that does not take much discretionary effort.
Takeaway
Making people comfortable at work isn’t a one-size-fits-all initiative. By putting extra thought into food and events, you can show your employees that you care about what makes them unique.
6. Environment
The bathroom bills that were proposed in North Carolina and Texas in 2016 have brought gender issues into public discussion.
Paradigm, a company that designs diversity and inclusion strategies and offers unconscious bias training, recently published the first in a series of blog posts on transgender inclusion that takes a thoughtful approach to inclusive education and strategies.
Tash Wilder, Ph.D., consultant at Paradigm,addressesone particular unconscious bias directly:
“You should never assume that you can tell someone’s gender just by looking at them.”
If you don’t know how to start breaking down institutionalized bias, you can start with an essential goal to make sure that everyone can use the bathroom comfortably, no matter their circ*mstances. Find a way to discuss individual needs for bathrooms with a lot of employees: what one person needs, someone else might find extraneous.
Private and accessible stalls, gender-neutral bathrooms, noise-canceling accommodations, clean and functioning equipment… What might seem like basic dignities are especially important at work, where individuals might feel uncomfortable asking for accommodations.
Anticipating users’ needs is part of good product design, so apply the same approach to how you treat your employees.
Takeaway
Encourage your employees and coworkers to assess their work environments. With anonymous input from multiple sources, you’ll be empowered to identify the weaknesses in common assumptions about what people need.
7. Leadership
“It comes up time and time again; women don’t even consider an education in technology because they don’t have any role models or point-of-references, professional, social or otherwise. We just don’t see women in tech,” PWC’s Sheridan Ash toldThe Guardian.
Ash goes on to quote American activist Marian Wright Edelman when referencing the lack of women in leadership roles in technology: “You can’t be what you can’t see.”
In 2016, the Executive Leadership Councilreports, “Fewer than 15% of all board seats in the Fortune 500 were held by minorities.” While slight progress has been made in the past six years, Ronald C. Parker from the Alliance for Board Diversitypoints outthat “[a] great deal of work remains for corporate board composition to keep pace with the changing demographics of the country at large.”
“This is where emotional intelligence and social intelligence come in,”saysRichard Boyatzis, Distinguished University Professor, H.R. Horvitz Chair of Family Business, Professor in the Departments of Organizational Behavior, Psychology, and Cognitive Science, Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University.
“Leaders need some degree of emotional intelligence to rise above our need to justify or validate ourselves, which is what happens when we seek people who are just like us in their thinking. And we need a certain amount of social competency to be able to engage people who do have differences of ideas and perspectives.”
Antonesia “Toni” Wiley writesinNonprofit Quarterlythat we cannot have conversations without the people we are trying to help. The three questions that help Wiley directly face her unconscious biases are as follows:
- Where are they?
- Why aren’t they here?
- Why are we having conversations without them?
Consider this: if your company’s leadership is made up of primarilyheteronormativewhite males, you have a great opportunity to bring fresh perspectives into your organization. Welcoming diverse leaders who will add to your company culture can have a noticeable effect on employees at all levels.
Takeaway
Look internally. Are you supporting professional development for underrepresented minorities? Culture Amp's Global Head of Equitable Design & Inclusion, Aubrey Blanche, reports thatpeer supportmakes all the difference.
8. Location
Your location impacts your desirability as an employer. If the town or city you work in is culturally hom*ogenous, you’ll have to work extra hard to attract a diverse workforce and show every candidate and every employee that they’re welcome.
Do you pay your employees competitively so that they can keep up with the cost of living in your area without relying on savings they might not have?
On the flip side, street addresses as listed on a resume can unintentionally influence anyone in a hiring role. Whether applicants are applying from out of state, live just down the road, or are in an up-and-coming part of town,seeing an addresson their application materials can impact your impression of their qualifications.
Takeaway
If your location makes it difficult for employees to stay with the company, it’s better to know now. Update your cost of living calculations regularly and consider adopting blind application processes so you won't be influenced by your biases against applicants from far afield.
9. Holidays
Being aware of cultural biases and working to correct them has little to do with political correctness and a lot to do with making sure that everyone feels comfortable bringing their whole selves to work.
If your company already recognizes national holidays like Christmas, making accommodations for employees to take time off to celebrate other holidays throughout the year might seem excessive. However, acknowledging that your employees are different from you and might celebrate in different ways will open the door for them to be fully present at work when they are there and take time to rest and celebrate with their loved ones when it’s appropriate for them.
At Dribbble, employees observe both American and Canadian national holidays.
“Because most of our team is equally spread across Canada and the USA, we found that our Slack channels got awfully quiet during Canadian holidays that weren’t also observed in the United States, and vice versa,”writes DribbblerChloe Oddleifson.“We didn’t get a whole lot of work done without the majority of the team online, so now we have a ‘CanAmerican’ holiday schedule.”
Takeaway
You don’t have to do what’s always been done! Consider implementing a flexible holiday schedule or making your own version of Dribbble’s “CanAmerican” calendar that reflects the varied geographic and cultural backgrounds of your employees.
10. Products
Diversepoints of view make products better.
Modupe Akinnawonu, a product manager atThe New York Times,puts it simply: “Without diverse perspectives and experiences in designing, building, and testing, products can and will fail female and minority users.”
Akinnawonu continues: “Companies with a culturally diverse leadership team are more likely todevelop new products.”
David Thomas, H. Naylor Fitzhugh Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School,says: “The way I look at it is, if our customer base is diverse, we need diversity in our workforce so that we can learn from our own diversity to make ourselves more effective at meeting the needs of our clients.”
If the cost of change is intimidating, consider this insight from a 2015 McKinseyreport: “Companies in the top quartile for gender or racial and ethnic diversity are more likely to have financial returns above their national industry medians.”
If you’ve experienced success in the past by maintaining the status quo, you might think that what you’ve always done is good enough. After all, change is expensive. But the payoff can be significant.
Takeaway
When the diversity of your team reflects the diversity of the customers you serve, the better their experience with your product or service will be.
11. Accessibility
Look around your office. Can colleagues, clients, job candidates, or friends with limited mobility comfortably visit your workplace?
“A report published by the United Nations in 2011 estimated there were 1 [to] 1.3 billion people with disabilities in the world,” writes Ruby Zheng at theInteraction Design Foundation. “In fact, persons with disabilities are the largest minority in the world.”
Despite the fact that persons with disabilities compose such a significant portion of the population, facilities aren’t always designed to be accessible, especially in old and converted office spaces. There are a lot of changes, both large and small, that can make a meaningful impact on workplace accessibility.
Takeaway
To learn more about providing spaces that are inviting and comfortable for all people, take a look at SHRM’s comprehensive toolkit,“Developing an Accessible Workplace” and Culture Amp's Disability in the Workplace blog series.
12. Meetings
Akinnawonu, product manager at The New York Times, observes biases in the structure of a standard meeting.
“Create spaces that guarantee everyone’s voice is heard by remembering that not everyone likes to speak up in meetings,” shesuggests. “Set agendas ahead of time so everyone can contribute, create space in group meetings for individual brainstorming, and provide other channels for feedback.”
Asking what other people need and observing what makes them comfortable, especially if it’s different from what makes you comfortable, can help youhold more efficient and productive meetings.
Takeaway
While extroverted employees might be comfortable speaking up in meetings,introverted employeesmight not. Support everyone’s ability to contribute by providing multiple avenues for communication.
13. Teams
If you’re looking for companies who are leading the way,Atlassian, the software force behindStride, is addressing its institutionalized biases team by team.
“We report on the diversity of our workforce at the team level,” Atlassian's Head of Diversity explained toSiliconANGLE’s Rebecca Knightat the 2017 Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing.
Atlassian’s “team-level” approach is novel because it challenges common assumptions about diversity data and offers a different perspective on the gender wage gap.
“It doesn’t matter if you have 30% women in your company if all the women are in HR or marketing and the men are in engineering. What matters is that each of those teams is diverse, because it helps them build better.”
Fortunerecently named Atlassian one of the 50 Best Workplaces fordiversity,giving back, andmillennials.
Takeaway
Make a point of discussing your unconscious biases as a team.Building trustand encouraging honesty can help departments run more smoothly. When hiring, broaden your scope by looking for candidates who will be culture adds, not just culture fits.
Moving forward
Now that we’ve identified where our unconscious biases manifest in the workplace, we can start mitigating their impact. I’m confident that we can improve every workday by taking small steps in the right direction. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, which is totally understandable - there’s a lot of information here! - pick one of the 13 takeaways to help you get started.
If you want to keep learning about unconscious biases, I recommend watching these two Ted Talks, which I found to be very helpful while I was writing this piece:
- “How to overcome our biases? Walk boldly towards them”by Verna Myers
- “Color blind or color brave?”by Mellody Hobson
Build a workplace where everyone can thrive
Get 6 actionable areas for improving DEI in your workplace.
Download the ebook
This article originally appeared on the Bonusly blog. It has been republished with permission. The blog has been updated and revised on July 15, 2021.
